Country Reports

Australia

Queensland—Two Shrimp Farms

Gold Coast Marine Aquaculture, based at the mouth of the Logan River, has 31 ponds covering 27 hectares.  The company plans to have an additional 10 hectares in production for the 2007-2008 season and then expand by a further 12 ponds for the 2008-2009 season.  After the expansion, Gold Coast will have 50 hectares of growout ponds and 16 hectares of treatment ponds.

Truloff, Pty., Ltd., another farm on the Logan River, is also in the process of expanding its production and treatment ponds.  Warren Truloff said that he was constructing five new ponds that will increase the number of growout ponds to 23 covering 19 hectares.  Two of the existing ponds were divided in half to allow the farm to better manage water quality and shrimp production.  An additional six hectares of water treatment ponds will be constructed to allow more on-farm reuse of water when river conditions are not favorable for intake, which can occur during floods and heavy water flows in the Logan River.

Source: Queensland Aquaculture News.  Editors, Ross Lobegeiger and Max Wingfield.  Queensland’s Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (Bribie Island Aquaculture Research Centre, P.O. Box 2066, Woorim, Queensland 4507, Australia, phone 07-3400-2040, fax 07-3408-3535).  Prawn farms expand.  Ross Lobegeiger.  Page 3, Issue 30, September 2007.

Australia

Northern Territory—Crabs

Australia Aquaculture Farming NT, a 10-pond crab farm in the Northern Territory, is getting ready to harvest Australia’s first crop of mud crabs.  Seow Hung Yong, the farm’s owner, who moved to the NT from Singapore three years ago, is going to give the crabs a few more weeks in the ponds so that they get bigger—and garner higher prices.  Yong and his family have invested more than $1 million in the venture, renovating a former shrimp farm site near Channel Island, south of Darwin.  Before starting the farm in December 2006, he studied aquaculture at Charles Darwin University.

A research arm of the Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries and Mines pioneered the captive breeding program for mud crabs and supplied Yong with 70,000 juvenile crabs.  He fed them with shrimp pellets until they reached about 500 grams.  They will be harvested with crab pots (traps) and flown live to restaurants and wholesalers in Sydney and Melbourne.  “We are still researching an easier way to get the crabs out of the ponds,” said Yong, who hopes for a three-ton harvest.

Source: Northern Territory News.  Captive breeding key to mud crab crop (http://www.ntnews.com.au/article/2007/10/24/2418_nt-business.html).  Alison Bevege.  October 24, 2007.

Bangladesh

Foreign Hatchery Workers Restricted

In order to encourage the transfer of technical know-how to local people, the Board of Investment has decided not to allow foreign nationals to work in Bangladesh for over five years.

Shrimp hatchery owners said they were heavily dependent on Thai technicians, but their appeals for longer employment periods were rejected on grounds that locals are able to do the job.

Source: The Daily Star.  Foreign nationals won’t be allowed to work for over 5 yrs (http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=8220).  Jasim Uddin Khan.  October 21, 2007.

Bangladesh

Freshwater Prawns

Two hundred freshwater prawn farms around the Bogra and Joypurhat districts in northwest Bangladesh have suspended operations for a year and a half because they can’t get quality broodstock and fry.  Abdul Mohit Talukder, owner of GM Aqua Culture, Ltd., which pioneered freshwater prawn farming in the area four years ago, said at least 1,000 broodstock are needed every month for his 63-acre farm.

Source: The Daily Star.  Sweet water shrimp cultivation in 200 farms suspended (http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=8629).  Hasibur Rahman Bilu.  October 24, 2007.

Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands

 Exquisite Farmed Shrimp Dinners

In the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, a chain of 15 tropical islands in the western Pacific Ocean (15°10’51”N, 145°45’21”E) that belongs to the USA, Aqua Resort Club is dedicating two Saturday nights every month to exquisite shrimp dinners featuring fresh shrimp harvested from Saipan Aquaculture Company.  Aqua Resort’s executive chef Hubert Friedle has come up with innovative food creations that make fresh shrimp the restaurant’s main course.  The dinners cost $20 per person with local discounts applicable.

Source: Saipan Tribune.  Locally cultured shrimps star in ARC’s Shrimp Fest (http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=73394). Marconi Calindas.  October 19, 2007.

Ecuador

An Alternative to Fish Meal

According to Addison Lawrence, a Texas A&M University researcher, fish meal prices reached $600 to $800 a metric ton in January 2006 and then soared to $1,000 and $1,300 a ton in September 2006, before retreating to $800 a ton during the first half of 2007.

Allen Davis, a researcher at Auburn University, says the best replacement for fish meal in shrimp diets is soy meal, a vegetable source with high protein levels that costs about $340 a ton.  Two years ago, Davis began working with shrimp farmers in Ecuador to reduce the level of fishmeal used in shrimp feeds by 50%.  Yet, none of the 12 Ecuadoran companies that make feed for shrimp has replaced fish meal with soy meal.  According to Cesar Molina, general manager of Pronaca, which produces shrimp feeds, “There is still no market for such a change in Ecuador.”  The feed industry doesn’t want to make the switch to soy meal because farmers are used to buying a feed with certain characteristics, such as color and odor.

Some Shrimp Feed Companies in Ecuador

Pronaca started selling shrimp feed in December 2006 with protein percentages varying from 20% to 35%.

Nicovita, a Peruvian company, sells shrimp feed with protein levels between 23% and 40%.

ABA sells shrimp feed with protein levels between 22% and 35%.

Expalsa sells shrimp feeds with protein levels between 16% and 50%.

Bio-Bac sells vitamin complexes.

Procerba sells organic supplements aiming at strengthening the immune system.

Source: Seafood.com (an online, subscription-based, fisheries news service).  Shrimp and tilapia feed formulations being altered due to high price of fish meal.  Translated by Angel Rubio.  Editor and Publisher, John Sackton (phone 781-861-1441, email jsackton@seafood.com).  October 23, 2007.

Ecuador

The Cholera Epidemic of 1991

In 1991, a world cholera epidemic reached Ecuador.  During the outbreak, it was suggested that the use of antibiotics by the Ecuadoran shrimp farming industry was causally related to the epidemic and that the linkage with shrimp farms provided important evidence that should be incorporated into any assessment of the risks to human health.

A review of the original data, however, reveals no credible support for the claim that the shrimp farming industry played a significant role in either the epidemic or in the emergence of multi-resistant human pathogens.  The review concludes that the 1991 events in Ecuador add nothing to the understanding of the risks associated with the use of antibiotics in shrimp farming.

Source: Electronical Larviculture Newsletter (http://www.rug.ac.be/aquaculture).  Editor Gilbert Van Stappen (gilbert.vanstappen@ugent.be).  Review Article Antimicrobial Use in Shrimp Farming in Ecuador and Emerging Multi-Resistance During the Cholera Epidemic of 1991: A Re-Examination of the Data.  Peter Smith (Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; peter.smith@nuigalway.ie).  Issue 273, September 15, 2007.

India

Subsidies for Shrimp Farms and Hatcheries

To boost marine exports and earn precious foreign exchange, the Marine Products Exports Development Authority (MPEDA) plans to provide subsidies for shrimp processing plants, shrimp hatcheries and shrimp farms.

For processing plants, up to $126,935 will be provided.

For hatcheries, up to $7,616 will be provided.

Assistance to the tune of 25% of the total cost for setting up effluent treatment plants for shrimp hatcheries and quality testing laboratories will be provided.

Fifty percent of the total cost, or a maximum assistance of $12,693, will be given for setting up analytical laboratories in the private sector and for setting up registered aquaculture associations.

Source: Newindpress.com.  Subsidies to boost marine exports (http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEA20071022001547&Page=A&Headline=Subsidies+to+boost+marine+exports&Title=Southern+News+-+Andhra+Pradesh&Topic=0).  October 22, 2007.

India

Farm For Sale

An 18-acre intensive shrimp farm is for sale in the state of Andra Pradesh (central east coast).

Source: AquaNic (The Aquaculture Network Information Center, a gateway to the world’s electronic aquaculture resources, http://aquanic.org/index.htm).  Shrimp Discussion Group (http://www.aquanic.org/discuss/shrimp.htm).  Shrimp Farm For Sale (http://www.aquanic.org/discuss/_shrimp/0000119e.htm).  From: livingdollar@gmail.com.  October 19, 2007.

India

Too Many Feed Sizes

At least three sizes of shrimp starter feeds and two to three sizes of growout feeds are offered by shrimp feed manufacturers.  The origin of using so many different sizes of feed in shrimp farming is unclear and is apparently based on the assumption that feed size has to increase with the increase in shrimp size.  This assumption has been accepted without question, and it has become customary for the feed manufacturers to offer—and farmers to expect—a wide range of feed sizes.

Trials at The Waterbase Limited (shrimp feed mills, hatcheries, farms and processing plants) have clearly shown that there is no need to use multiple feed sizes during growout—one starter feed and one growout feed work just as well as multiple feed sizes.

Source: Aqua Feeds: Formulation and Beyond (www.feedware.com).  Editor, Dr. Victor Suresh (victor@feedware.com).  How Many Feed Types are Needed in Shrimp Farming?  Dr. Joachim Hertrampf (trampf@tm.net.my) and Shravan Kumar Mishra (shravankumarmishra@yahoo.co.in).  Volume 4, Page 17, Issue-1 2007.

India

Tamil Nadu

The Fisheries College and Research Institute (FCRI) has commenced production of tiger shrimp postlarvae in a $114,242 hatchery at its Maritech Research Centre in Tharuvaikulam.  The hatchery is equipped with a seawater pumping and filtration system, ultraviolet filters, cartridge filters, indoor and outdoor algal culture facilities, raceways to maintain broodstock, a spawning module, 20 two-ton larval rearing tanks and a laboratory to test water quality.

V.K. Venkataramani, the dean at FCRI, said the hatchery planned to produce two million postlarvae a year during its first year of operations and five million a year thereafter.

“We have been feeding the larvae with live plankton and micro encapsulated feeds...,” said S. Felix, head of the Marine Research Centre.  All postlarvae undergo polymerized chain reaction (PCR) tests.  “This ensures that the seeds are not carrying any whitespot virus before they are distributed to shrimp farmers,” said Felix.

Source: The Hindu.  Commercial production of seeds of tiger shrimps begins (http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/17/stories/2007101752230300.htm).  R. Vimal Kumar.  October 17, 2007.

Indonesia

Shrimp Farmers Club

Shrimp Club Indonesia (SCI), a shrimp farmers association, was formed in 2005.  Iwan Sutanto, founder and president of SCI, said: “We had a sudden introduction to global issues such as dumping, sustainable aquaculture, traceability and food safety.  It was difficult for farm owners in remote areas to keep up to date with issues.  We realized that we needed to act together.  We also needed to exchange more information.”

SCI has 360 members, mostly intensive shrimp farms, on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Lombok, Sumbawa and Bali.  The member farms produce 120,000 tons of shrimp a year.  In 2007, the government introduced regulations on the use of chemicals and drugs in shrimp ponds.  The new regulations cover growout farms and hatcheries, both of which have to be certified.

SCI coordinates its efforts with the Indonesian association of hatchery owners (APPUI) and the association of processors (APCI) and feed producers.  Farmers’ profits are only $0.22 per kilogram when they produce 10 tons per hectare of 60-count animals per kilo with a food conversion ration of 1.6.  If they produce 8 tons per hectare, they lose money.

Iwan said: “Many members know how to farm shrimp well and that antibiotics should not be used.  However, there is little attention to environmental impacts.  We know that we must learn how to manage effluents....  Most farms are about 10-20 years old and modifications are required as pond design and construction may not fit into the current norms for shrimp farming.  However, the industry is under pressure to demonstrate that measures are in place to ensure that exports meet the requirements of markets in the EU, USA and Japan.”

“In 2006, a technical team from SCI had a road show to every production area across the vast archipelago.  Each farm must exercise good hygiene....  There is data to indicate that the use of antibiotics is decreasing.  In August 2007, we will have an inspection team from the USA/FDA (USA Food and Drug Agency) and in November 2007, the EU commission’s inspection team.  I have asked the EU team to please give us more time as we have only recently implemented these regulations.  I am confident that the team will be satisfied with our efforts.  I can assure you that the numbers of reports on antibiotics residues will go down”.

“In our objective to achieve food safety and traceability in the industry and produce consistent quality shrimp, we have reached out to everyone in the supply chain.  We have emphasized that if the hatcheries continue to use antibiotics, producers will be implicated and the whole industry will collapse.  This will have country-wide ramifications.”

“Failures in the culture of black tiger shrimp in 2001 forced us to switch to P. vannamei in 2002.  Immediately, we faced the challenge of a globalized market when prices fell and exports to the EU were restricted.  But one day, when we have SPF monodon, I am confident that black tiger shrimp culture will resume.  It is, after all, our native species.”

Source: Aqua Culture AsiaPacific (Editor/Publisher, Zuridah Merican, email zuridah@aquaasiapac.com, webpage www.aquaasiapac.com).  SCI on food satiety and traceability: Go for it.  Volume 3, Number 5, Page 10, September/October 2007.

Indonesia

Shrimp Farming Blog

I’m from Indonesia, and I have a new blog (with English translations) that contains information on shrimp farming in Indonesia.

Information: (http://marindro.blogspot.com).

Source: AquaNic (The Aquaculture Network Information Center, a gateway to the world’s electronic aquaculture resources, http://aquanic.org/index.htm).  Shrimp Discussion Group (http://www.aquanic.org/discuss/shrimp.htm).  Blog of shrimp culture information (http://www.aquanic.org/discuss/_shrimp/0000119d.htm).  From: marindro.  October 16, 2007.

Nigeria

New Shrimp Farming Investments

Akinshola Amire, director of the Federal Department of Fisheries, said the government has given approval to two companies, one from Southeast Asia and one from the USA, to embark on shrimp farming.  “Having gone through the shrimp farming technique, we observed that it is environmentally friendly and acceptable to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),” said Amire.

Source: Vanguard.  FG procures N120m fishing input for N-Delta fishermen (http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=800&Itemid=44).  Simon Ebegbulem.  October 23, 2007.

Pakistan

Growing Its Own Artemia

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) is planning a protection program for Artemia in salt pans along the Karachi coast, and it is reproducing Artemia in experimental ponds.

Source: Fish Farming International (http://www.fishfarminginternational.com).  Editor, Kenny McCaffrey (kenny.mccaffrey@informa.com).  Research group grows artemia.  Volume 34, Number 10, Page 35, October 2007.

Philippines

Accredited Vannamei Hatcheries

The Department of Agriculture’s Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) has accredited Penaeus vannamei hatcheries on the islands of Panay (Iloilo City), Cebu, Bohol, Pangasinan and Luzon to revive the country’s once-robust shrimp farming industry.

BFAR Director Malcolm Sarmiento said the Pangasinan hatchery is the central hatchery for Penaeus vannamei.

The accredited hatchery in Iloilo is owned by Stella Aileen Jamandre.

In a press report, Agriculture Secretary Arthur Yap assured industry leaders that they would have a ready market for their Penaeus vannamei because he plans to make this highly affordable commodity available to low income consumers in the “bagsakan” or drop-off centers and barangay food terminals that the Department of Agriculture has set up in various strategic locations in Metro Manila.

Sources: 1. Philippine Information Agency.  Pacific white shrimp hatchery up in Iloilo (http://www.pia.gov.ph/default.asp?m=12&fi=p071017.htm&no=24).  T. Villavert.  October 17, 2007.  2. News Today.  Pacific white shrimp hatchery up in Iloilo (http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/10/19/pacific.white.shrimp.hatchery.up.in.iloilo.html).  T. Villavert.  October 19, 2007.

Turkey

Shrimp Farm For Sale

We are the Turkish branch of an international public relations company and are trying to find an investor for a shrimp farm in Turkey.  The farm, built on 62 hectares, can easily be reached by land, air or sea.  Its construction started in 1994 and was completed in 1996.  It was in production for 1.5 years, but has been idle since then.

The farm has 42, one-hectare ponds, and 13, 1/3-hectare ponds.  It has a small processing plant, a small cold storage facility, a boiler room, a garage/maintenance area, a pump room and an administration building.  The hatchery can produce 50 million postlarvae a year and the processing plant can handle vacuum packaging.

Information: Bora Kocaman, Fipra Uluslararası İlet. Danış, Ltd., Şti., Şehit Kurbani Akboğa Sokak 11/2, Birlik Mah., Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey (email bora.kocaman@fipraturkey.com, phone 90-312-4965900, fax 90-312-4965979).

Source: Emails to Shrimp News International from Bora Kocaman on October 19 and 22, 2007.

United Kingdom

Kiotech International—Exploratory Discussions with Major Shrimp Producers in Latin America

Kiotech International, Plc., which supplies high-performance natural feed additives to enhance health, growth and sustainability in aquaculture, has made a profit for the first time since becoming a public company ten years ago.  Chairman Richard Rose says, “We are now taking the steps needed for commercialization of Aquatice, our fish feeding stimulant, and have started the registration process in China and Thailand.  We have also set up further commercial pond trials in those countries to support this process and prove the efficacy of the product with other species....  We are currently engaged in exploratory discussions with major shrimp producers in Central and South America regarding product testing, registration and distribution, with a view to replicating our Asian product development strategies in Latin America.”

Information: Mark Nicholls, Kiotech International, Plc., 78 Coombe Road, New Malden Surrey KT3 4QS, England, United Kingdom (phone 020-8336-6180, email mark.nicholls@lawrenceplc.com, webpage http://www.kiotech.com).

Source: Fish Farming International (http://www.fishfarminginternational.com).  Editor, Kenny McCaffrey (kenny.mccaffrey@informa.com).  Feed additives supplier moves into a profit.  Volume 34, Number 10, Page 5, October 2007.

United States

California—All Wines Work with Shrimp

If it’s white wine with white shrimp and rosé wine with pink shrimp, what color wine do you drink with black tiger shrimp?

George Edwards (email george@montereywinemarket.com, webpage www.montereywinemarket.com), the owner and operator of WineMarket in Pacific Grove, California, was asked: What wine would you recommend pairing with prawns and shrimp?

Answer: My notes indicate that I have sampled 51 wines with prawns or shrimp in 82 pairings.  When you consider that 67 were successful, I can only conclude that the sweet, moist meat of these crustaceans is very wine friendly.  Further review also suggests that cocktail sauces and spicy elements add to the appeal of wine and shrimp.  Overall, however, prawns and shrimp appear to go best with white and pink wines.  Not surprisingly, the same pattern appears with lobster.

Shrimp News: Well George, what about shrimp and beer?  I have tested thousands of pairings of shrimp and beer, and they all worked to perfection.

Sources: 1. InsideBayArea.com.  Best wines for prawns and shrimp (http://www.insidebayarea.com/wine/ci_7202554).  George Edwards.  October 17, 2007.  2. Bob Rosenberry, Shrimp News International, October 25, 2007.

United States

California—Aqua Bounty Technologies

Aqua Bounty Technologies, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on enhancing health and productivity in the fast-growing aquaculture industry, is pleased to announce the appointment of Lawrence Giessinger to lead its Asian sales and development effort.  Giessinger, a seasoned executive with experience in corporate finance and business development, has specialized in the shrimp aquaculture industry for the past dozen years.  As Asian Regional Sales Manager at Aqua Bounty, Giessinger will introduce the company’s portfolio of therapeutics, feed additives and health management products to the $6-billion global shrimp farming industry.

Giessinger comes to Aqua Bounty from Advanced BioNutrition Corp., a developer of shrimp feed additives, where he established a company presence in Thailand and India.  He had previously developed Asian markets for Sanders Brine Shrimp Company and Zeigler Bros., Inc., suppliers of larval shrimp feeds.  He maintains a network of associations with shrimp growers, hatcheries and feed producers throughout the region.  Giessinger spent nearly twenty years as a senior banking executive responsible for Asia/Pacific business development at First Pennsylvania Bank of Philadelphia and First City Bank of Houston, Texas.

“Larry Giessinger has an extraordinary depth of experience in Asia going back to the early 1970s.  He was a banker when the ‘Asian Tiger’ economies made their breakthrough and he has been part of the Asian shrimp farming industry during the period that witnessed its growth to a position of global leadership,” said Henry Clifford, vice-president of sales and marketing at Aqua Bounty Technologies. “With our Shrimp IMS product well on the way to industry adoption in Latin America, we’re preparing its launch into the major markets of Asia.”

Information: Henry Clifford, Aqua Bounty Technologies, 8395 Camino Santa Fe, Suite E, San Diego, CA 92121 USA (phone 858-450-2972).

Source: News Release.  Asian development to be focus of new Aqua Bounty exec.  October 15, 2007.

United States

California—Shrimp News International

FREE—Penaeus monodon Hatchery Manual

Source: Bob Rosenberry, Shrimp News International, November 1, 2007.

United States

Kentucky/Illinois—Freshwater Prawns

Shawn Coyle and Kyle Schneider, researchers at Kentucky State University, have made a trek to Johnson County, Illinois, to get 50 pounds of live, freshwater prawns from Tanglefoot Ranch, the largest freshwater prawn farm in the state.  They handpicked the prawns and took them back to the university for genetic research.

According to Coyle and Schneider, only 12 individual, reproduction-ready animals from Hawaii are responsible for all the prawns in the United States.  They say the animals are not inbred, but that they may not be as genetically diverse as their Asian relatives.  They hope to improve survival rates and cold tolerance.

Source: WSIL 3.  Prawn Research (http://www.wsiltv.com/p/news_details.php?newsID=3340&type=top).  October 23, 2007.

United States

Texas—Probiotics Found Ineffective

Because antibiotics have severe limitations, shrimp farmers have started using probiotics as a tool to minimize bacterial diseases.  Although manufacturers claim their probiotics improve water quality and prevent Vibrio outbreaks, only limited hard data is available to support their claims.

In this study, a combination of three probiotics (Bacillus species) applied to a limited-discharge system throughout the growout period was not effective in preventing Vibrio harveyi outbreaks.  Better survivals were found in an untreated pond with low density stocking.  The probiotics in the systems did not improve water quality, regardless of stocking density.

The 128-day study was conducted at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Shrimp Mariculture Research Facility in Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.  Before stocking with 0.74-gram P. vannamei juveniles, the 2,200 m³, lined ponds were filled with 10 parts per million chlorinated seawater.  Two ponds were stocked at a density of 51 shrimp/m³, and two were stocked at 84 shrimp/m³.

One pond of each density received the probiotics.  All three products were applied to the water a week before stocking and continued until harvest.  The dosage and application frequency of all three probiotics were based on shrimp behavior and the manufacturers’ recommendations.

Shrimp were fed three times a day with a 35%-crude protein diet.  Rations were adjusted weekly, assuming a fixed feed conversion ratio of 1.4, a growth rate of 1.2 grams a week and a mortality rate of 1% a week.  The low-density ponds were each equipped with four aspirator aerators at 36 hp/ha, while each high-density pond had four paddlewheel and two aspirator aerators for 54 hp/ha aeration.

A range of water quality variables was monitored weekly.  Shrimp and water from all four ponds were tested monthly for pathogenic Vibrios.  Except for emergency releases due to heavy rains, no water was discharged from the ponds.  Municipal water was added to compensate for evaporation and to maintain salinity.

Source: The Global Aquaculture Advocate (http://www.gaalliance.org).  Editor, Darryl Jory (dejry2525@aol.com).  Health Management/Probiotics Found Ineffective Against Vibrio harveyi in Limited-Exchange Shrimp Pond Study (Susmita Patnaik, Tzachi M. Samocha, Ph.D., tsamocha@ag.tamu.edu, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Shrimp Mariculture Research Facility, Corpus Christ, Texas 78418 USA; and Marilyn B. Kilgen, Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA).  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page 94, September/October 2007.

Vietnam

Job

Ecoshrimp, Ltd., has a position open for a senior hatchery manager (Penaeus vannamei) in Vietnam.

Information: Send CV to Bruno Tilman (btilman@hotmail.fr).

Source: The Shrimp List (a mailing list for shrimp farmers, “shrimp-subscribe@yahoogroups.com”).  Subject: [shrimp] JOBS: 2 posts offered.  From: tilmanburno@hotmail.com.  October 17, 2007.

Vietnam

Floods

In Binh Dinh Province (central Vietnam), October floods submerged 364 shrimp ponds and washed away most of the shrimp.

Source: Vietnam Net Bridge.  Floods end in central Vietnam (http://english.vietnamnet.vn/social/2007/10/750742/).  October 23, 2007.